Conscious rabbits become tolerant to multiple episodes of ischemic preconditioning

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Circulation Research. 1994;74:998-1004

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ARTICLES

Conscious rabbits become tolerant to multiple episodes of ischemic preconditioning

MV Cohen, XM Yang and JM Downey
Division of Cardiology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile 36688.

Although ischemic preconditioning protects myocardium from infarction in isolated hearts and in anesthetized open-chest animals, its effects have not been examined in unanesthetized animals. Furthermore, it is unknown whether animals become tolerant to multiple episodes of ischemic preconditioning. Rabbits were chronically instrumented with a balloon occluder around a major branch of the left coronary artery for reversible coronary occlusion, a left atrial catheter for radioactive microsphere injections, ECG electrodes for monitoring of myocardial ischemia, and, in some cases, a carotid artery catheter for pressure measurements and timed withdrawal of reference arterial blood samples. Eight control rabbits underwent a 30-minute coronary occlusion and then 180 minutes of reperfusion. Five of the eight rabbits developed ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation during ischemia, and infarct size averaged 37.7 +/- 2.6% of the risk area. Eight rabbits experienced a 5-minute coronary occlusion and 10 minutes of reperfusion before the 30-minute occlusion. In these preconditioned animals, potentially fatal arrhythmias during ischemia were significantly reduced (one of eight, P < .05), and infarct size was much smaller (5.6 +/- 1.1%, P < .0001). The difference could not be explained by hemodynamics or collateral blood flow, which were nearly identical in the two groups. But when the 30-minute coronary occlusion was preceded by 40 to 65 five-minute occlusions during a 3- to 4-day period in seven animals, protection was markedly attenuated. Potentially lethal arrhythmias were very common, and infarct size averaged 26.5 +/- 2.9%, substantially larger than in rabbits with only one preconditioning occlusion (P < .0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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				A. J. Chicco, M. S. Johnson, C. J. Armstrong, J. M. Lynch, R. T. Gardner, G. S. Fasen, C. P. Gillenwater, and R. L. Moore Sex-specific and exercise-acquired cardioprotection is abolished by sarcolemmal KATP channel blockade in the rat heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2432 - H2437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. V. Cohen, X.-M. Yang, and J. M. Downey Nitric oxide is a preconditioning mimetic and cardioprotectant and is the basis of many available infarct-sparing strategies Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2006; 70(2): 231 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				R. Bolli The Late Phase of Preconditioning Circ. Res., November 24, 2000; 87(11): 972 - 983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				W. E. Johnston Preconditioning the Brain and Heart: Implications for Cardiac Surgery Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, July 1, 2000; 4(2): 70 - 79. [Abstract] [PDF]

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				A. Rizvi, X.-L. Tang, Y. Qiu, Y.-T. Xuan, H. Takano, A. K. Jadoon, and R. Bolli Increased protein synthesis is necessary for the development of late preconditioning against myocardial stunning Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1999; 277(3): H874 - H884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				P. Ping, J. Zhang, X. Cao, R. C.�X. Li, D. Kong, X.-L. Tang, Y. Qiu, S. Manchikalapudi, J. A. Auchampach, R. G. Black, et al. PKC-dependent activation of p44/p42 MAPKs during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in conscious rabbits Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1999; 276(5): H1468 - H1481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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