Circulation Research, Vol 74, 349-353, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Chronic exercise in dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene expression

WC Sessa, K Pritchard, N Seyedi, J Wang and TH Hintze
Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla.

Recently, we have shown that chronic exercise increases endothelium- derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/nitric oxide (NO)-mediated epicardial coronary artery dilation in response to brief occlusion and acetylcholine. This finding suggests that exercise can provide a stimulus for the enhanced production of EDRF/NO, thus possibly contributing to the beneficial effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether chronic exercise could influence the production of NO (measured as the stable degradation product, nitrite) and endothelial cell NO synthase (ECNOS) gene expression in vessels from dogs after chronic exercise. To this end, dogs were exercised by running on a treadmill (9.5 km/h for 1 hour, twice daily) for 10 days, and nitrite production in large coronary vessels and microvessels and ECNOS gene expression in aortic endothelial extracts were assessed. Acetylcholine (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L) dose-dependently increased the release of nitrite (inhibited by nitro-L-arginine) from coronary arteries and microvessels in control and exercised dogs. Moreover, acetylcholine-stimulated nitrite production was markedly enhanced in large coronary arteries and microvessels prepared from hearts of dogs after chronic exercise compared with hearts from control dogs. One potential mechanism that may contribute to the enhanced production of nitrite in vessels from exercised dogs may be the induction of the calcium-dependent ECNOS gene. Steady-state mRNA levels for ECNOS were significantly higher than mRNA levels for von Willebrand's factor (vWF, a specific endothelial cell marker) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, a constitutively expressed gene) in exercised dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. H. Zucker, H. D. Schultz, K. P. Patel, W. Wang, and L. Gao Regulation of central angiotensin type 1 receptors and sympathetic outflow in heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2009; 297(5): H1557 - H1566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N Stroud, T M L Mazwi, L D Case, R D Brown Jr, T G Brott, B B Worrall, J F Meschia, and for the Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study Investigato Prestroke physical activity and early functional status after stroke J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, September 1, 2009; 80(9): 1019 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Trott, F. Gunduz, M. H. Laughlin, and C. R. Woodman Exercise training reverses age-related decrements in endothelium-dependent dilation in skeletal muscle feed arteries J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2009; 106(6): 1925 - 1934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. C. de Waard, J. van der Velden, N. M. Boontje, D. H. W. Dekkers, R. van Haperen, D. W. D. Kuster, J. M. J. Lamers, R. de Crom, and D. J. Duncker Detrimental effect of combined exercise training and eNOS overexpression on cardiac function after myocardial infarction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2009; 296(5): H1513 - H1523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Vona, G.M. Codeluppi, T. Iannino, E. Ferrari, J. Bogousslavsky, and L.K. von Segesser Effects of Different Types of Exercise Training Followed by Detraining on Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Patients With Recent Myocardial Infarction Circulation, March 31, 2009; 119(12): 1601 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Jones, M. B. Baker, M. Weber, D. G. Harrison, G. Bao, and C. D. Searles Molecular beacons can assess changes in expression and 3'-polyadenylation of human eNOS mRNA Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): C498 - C504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Desai, A. Glaser, D. Liu, N. Raghavachari, A. Blum, G. Zalos, M. Lippincott, J. P. McCoy, P. J. Munson, M. A. Solomon, et al. Microarray-Based Characterization of a Colony Assay Used to Investigate Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Relevance to Endothelial Function in Humans Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2009; 29(1): 121 - 127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. M. Tinken, D. H. J. Thijssen, M. A. Black, N. T. Cable, and D. J. Green Time course of change in vasodilator function and capacity in response to exercise training in humans J. Physiol., October 15, 2008; 586(20): 5003 - 5012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. H. Wilson Tang, W. Tong, K. Shrestha, Z. Wang, B. S. Levison, B. Delfraino, B. Hu, R. W. Troughton, A. L. Klein, and S. L. Hazen Differential effects of arginine methylation on diastolic dysfunction and disease progression in patients with chronic systolic heart failure Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2008; 29(20): 2506 - 2513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Otsuki, S. Maeda, M. Iemitsu, Y. Saito, Y. Tanimura, R. Ajisaka, and T. Miyauchi Systemic arterial compliance, systemic vascular resistance, and effective arterial elastance during exercise in endurance-trained men Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): R228 - R235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Williams, C. Ojaimi, K. Qanud, S. Zhang, X. Xu, F. A. Recchia, and T. H. Hintze Coronary nitric oxide production controls cardiac substrate metabolism during pregnancy in the dog Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2516 - H2523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. K. Mussi, E. A. Camargo, T. Ferreira, C. De Moraes, M. A. Delbin, I. F. C. Toro, S. Brancher, E. C. T. Landucci, A. Zanesco, and E. Antunes Exercise training reduces pulmonary ischaemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2008; 31(3): 645 - 649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Laughlin, S. C. Newcomer, and S. B. Bender Importance of hemodynamic forces as signals for exercise-induced changes in endothelial cell phenotype J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2008; 104(3): 588 - 600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Yan, A. Huang, G. Kaley, and D. Sun Chronic high blood flow potentiates shear stress-induced release of NO in arteries of aged rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): H3105 - H3110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Manchanda and O. Soran Enhanced External Counterpulsation and Future Directions: Step Beyond Medical Management for Patients With Angina and Heart Failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 16, 2007; 50(16): 1523 - 1531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D. Widder, W. Chen, L. Li, S. Dikalov, B. Thony, K. Hatakeyama, and D. G. Harrison Regulation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis by Shear Stress Circ. Res., October 12, 2007; 101(8): 830 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. Bearden Advancing age produces sex differences in vasomotor kinetics during and after skeletal muscle contraction Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): R1274 - R1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. K. McConell, S. J. Bradley, T. J. Stephens, B. J. Canny, B. A. Kingwell, and R. S. Lee-Young Skeletal muscle nNOS{micro} protein content is increased by exercise training in humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): R821 - R828. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Gutkowska, A. Paquette, D. Wang, J.-M. Lavoie, and M. Jankowski Effect of exercise training on cardiac oxytocin and natriuretic peptide systems in ovariectomized rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): R267 - R275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kimura, K. Ueda, C. Goto, D. Jitsuiki, K. Nishioka, T. Umemura, K. Noma, M. Yoshizumi, K. Chayama, and Y. Higashi Repetition of Ischemic Preconditioning Augments Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Humans: Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide and Endothelial Progenitor Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2007; 27(6): 1403 - 1410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T.-a. Okabe, K. Shimada, M. Hattori, T. Murayama, M. Yokode, T. Kita, and C. Kishimoto Swimming reduces the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice by antioxidant effects Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2007; 74(3): 537 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. De Filippis, K. Cusi, G. Ocampo, R. Berria, S. Buck, A. Consoli, and L. J. Mandarino Exercise-Induced Improvement in Vasodilatory Function Accompanies Increased Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 4903 - 4910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Meyer, G. Kundt, U. Lenschow, P. Schuff-Werner, and W. Kienast Improvement of Early Vascular Changes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Children After a Six-Month Exercise Program J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 7, 2006; 48(9): 1865 - 1870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Belardinelli, A. Mucaj, F. Lacalaprice, M. Solenghi, G. Seddaiu, F. Principi, L. Tiano, and G. P. Littarru Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2006; 27(22): 2675 - 2681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. D. Searles Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): C803 - C816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Dong and L. P. Thompson Differential Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Coronary and Cardiac Tissue in Hypoxic Fetal Guinea Pig Hearts Reproductive Sciences, October 1, 2006; 13(7): 483 - 490. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. H. Traverse, Y. E. Nesmelov, M. Crampton, P. Lindstrom, D. D. Thomas, and R. J. Bache Measurement of myocardial free radical production during exercise using EPR spectroscopy Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): H2453 - H2458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Post and B. Pieske Arginase: a modulator of myocardial function Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): H1747 - H1748. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. B. Manukhina, H. F. Downey, and R. T. Mallet Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular adaptation to intermittent hypoxia. Experimental Biology and Medicine, April 1, 2006; 231(4): 343 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Heaps, M. L. Mattox, K. A. Kelly, C. J. Meininger, and J. L. Parker Exercise training increases basal tone in arterioles distal to chronic coronary occlusion Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1128 - H1135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Wray, A. Uberoi, L. Lawrenson, and R. S. Richardson Evidence of preserved endothelial function and vascular plasticity with age Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1271 - H1277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-F. Lam, T. E. Peterson, D. M. Richardson, A. J. Croatt, L. V. d'Uscio, K. A. Nath, and Z. S. Katusic Increased blood flow causes coordinated upregulation of arterial eNOS and biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): H786 - H793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Yoshida, H. Ikeda, K. Sugi, and T. Imaizumi Impaired Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation in Young Female Athletes With Exercise-Associated Amenorrhea Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2006; 26(1): 231 - 232. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. R. Woodman, M. A. Thompson, J. R. Turk, and M. H. Laughlin Endurance exercise training improves endothelium-dependent relaxation in brachial arteries from hypercholesterolemic male pigs J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2005; 99(4): 1412 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. S. Cunha, M. Jose, C. S. Moura, C. F. Bernardes, A. P. Tanno, and F. K. Marcondes Vascular Sensitivity to Phenylephrine in Rats Submitted to Anaerobic Training and Nandrolone Treatment Hypertension, October 1, 2005; 46(4): 1010 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Yu, E. D. deMuinck, Z. Zhuang, M. Drinane, K. Kauser, G. M. Rubanyi, H. S. Qian, T. Murata, B. Escalante, and W. C. Sessa Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is critical for ischemic remodeling, mural cell recruitment, and blood flow reserve PNAS, August 2, 2005; 102(31): 10999 - 11004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Kojda and R. Hambrecht Molecular mechanisms of vascular adaptations to exercise. Physical activity as an effective antioxidant therapy? Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2005; 67(2): 187 - 197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Sandri, V. Adams, S. Gielen, A. Linke, K. Lenk, N. Krankel, D. Lenz, S. Erbs, D. Scheinert, F. W. Mohr, et al. Effects of Exercise and Ischemia on Mobilization and Functional Activation of Blood-Derived Progenitor Cells in Patients With Ischemic Syndromes: Results of 3 Randomized Studies Circulation, June 28, 2005; 111(25): 3391 - 3399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z.-G. Jin, C. Wong, J. Wu, and B. C. Berk Flow Shear Stress Stimulates Gab1 Tyrosine Phosphorylation to Mediate Protein Kinase B and Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Activation in Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 12305 - 12309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. G. Young, C. A. Knight, K. C. Vickers, D. Westbrook, N. R. Madamanchi, M. S. Runge, H. Ischiropoulos, and S. W. Ballinger Differential effects of exercise on aortic mitochondria Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): H1683 - H1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. R. Woodman, E. M. Price, and M. H. Laughlin Shear stress induces eNOS mRNA expression and improves endothelium-dependent dilation in senescent soleus muscle feed arteries J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2005; 98(3): 940 - 946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-S. Wang, Y.-S. Li, J.-C. Chen, and Y.-W. Chen Effects of Exercise Training and Deconditioning on Platelet Aggregation Induced by Alternating Shear Stress in Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 454 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. K. Roberts, R. J. Barnard, R. K. Sindhu, M. Jurczak, A. Ehdaie, and N. D. Vaziri A high-fat, refined-carbohydrate diet induces endothelial dysfunction and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and depresses NOS protein expression J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 203 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Lauer, T. Suvorava, U. Ruther, R. Jacob, W. Meyer, D. G. Harrison, and G. Kojda Critical involvement of hydrogen peroxide in exercise-induced up-regulation of endothelial NO synthase Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2005; 65(1): 254 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J Green, A. Maiorana, G. O'Driscoll, and R. Taylor Effect of exercise training on endothelium-derived nitric oxide function in humans J. Physiol., November 15, 2004; 561(1): 1 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Suvorava, N. Lauer, and G. Kojda Physical inactivity causes endothelial dysfunction in healthy young mice J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 15, 2004; 44(6): 1320 - 1327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. F. Danson, K. S. Mankia, S. Golding, T. Dawson, L. Everatt, S. Cai, K. M. Channon, and D. J. Paterson Impaired regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and heart rate during exercise in mice lacking one nNOS allele J. Physiol., August 1, 2004; 558(3): 963 - 974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. J. Paulus and J. G. F. Bronzwaer Nitric oxide's role in the heart: control of beating or breathing? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2004; 287(1): H8 - H13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. C. E. de Groot, F. Poelkens, M. Kooijman, and M. T. E. Hopman Preserved flow-mediated dilation in the inactive legs of spinal cord-injured individuals Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2004; 287(1): H374 - H380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Napoli, S. Williams-Ignarro, F. de Nigris, L. O. Lerman, L. Rossi, C. Guarino, G. Mansueto, F. Di Tuoro, O. Pignalosa, G. De Rosa, et al. Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice PNAS, June 8, 2004; 101(23): 8797 - 8802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Graham and J. W. E. Rush Exercise training improves aortic endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and determinants of nitric oxide bioavailability in spontaneously hypertensive rats J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2004; 96(6): 2088 - 2096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. H. Sigmon, E. Gonzalez-Feldman, M. A. Cavasin, D. L. Potter, and W. H. Beierwaltes Role of Nitric Oxide in the Renal Hemodynamic Response to Unilateral Nephrectomy J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2004; 15(6): 1413 - 1420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Spier, M. D. Delp, C. J. Meininger, A. J. Donato, M. W. Ramsey, and J. M. Muller-Delp Effects of ageing and exercise training on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and structure of rat skeletal muscle arterioles J. Physiol., May 1, 2004; 556(3): 947 - 958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C. Tai, G. B. Robb, and P. A. Marsden Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase: A New Paradigm for Gene Regulation in the Injured Blood Vessel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2004; 24(3): 405 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. A. Alomari, A. Solomito, R. Reyes, S. M. Khalil, R. H. Wood, and M. A. Welsch Measurements of vascular function using strain-gauge plethysmography: technical considerations, standardization, and physiological findings Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H99 - H107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shechter, S. Matetzky, M. S. Feinberg, P. Chouraqui, Z. Rotstein, and H. Hod External counterpulsation therapy improves endothelial function in patients with refractory angina pectoris J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 17, 2003; 42(12): 2090 - 2095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kinugawa, H. Post, P. M. Kaminski, X. Zhang, X. Xu, H. Huang, F. A. Recchia, M. Ochoa, M. S. Wolin, G. Kaley, et al. Coronary Microvascular Endothelial Stunning After Acute Pressure Overload in the Conscious Dog Is Caused by Oxidant Processes: The Role of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and NAD(P)H Oxidase Circulation, December 9, 2003; 108(23): 2934 - 2940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.P. Mason, P. Marche, and T.H. Hintze Novel Vascular Biology of Third-Generation L-Type Calcium Channel Antagonists: Ancillary Actions of Amlodipine Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2003; 23(12): 2155 - 2163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Green, J. H. Walsh, A. Maiorana, M. J. Best, R. R. Taylor, and J. G. O'Driscoll Exercise-induced improvement in endothelial dysfunction is not mediated by changes in CV risk factors: pooled analysis of diverse patient populations Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2003; 285(6): H2679 - H2687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Erbs, Y. Baither, A. Linke, V. Adams, Y. Shu, K. Lenk, S. Gielen, R. Dilz, G. Schuler, and R. Hambrecht Promoter but Not Exon 7 Polymorphism of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Affects Training-Induced Correction of Endothelial Dysfunction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2003; 23(10): 1814 - 1819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Walsh, G. Yong, C. Cheetham, G. F. Watts, G. J. O'Driscoll, R. R. Taylor, and D. J. Green Effects of exercise training on conduit and resistance vessel function in treated and untreated hypercholesterolaemic subjects Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2003; 24(18): 1681 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z.-G. Jin, H. Ueba, T. Tanimoto, A. O. Lungu, M. D. Frame, and B. C. Berk Ligand-Independent Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 by Fluid Shear Stress Regulates Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Circ. Res., August 22, 2003; 93(4): 354 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Goto, Y. Higashi, M. Kimura, K. Noma, K. Hara, K. Nakagawa, M. Kawamura, K. Chayama, M. Yoshizumi, and I. Nara Effect of Different Intensities of Exercise on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Humans: Role of Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress Circulation, August 5, 2003; 108(5): 530 - 535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Niebauer, A. J. Maxwell, P. S. Lin, D. Wang, P. S. Tsao, and J. P. Cooke NOS inhibition accelerates atherogenesis: reversal by exercise Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 11, 2003; 285(2): H535 - H540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Walsh, W. Bilsborough, A. Maiorana, M. Best, G. J. O'Driscoll, R. R. Taylor, and D. J. Green Exercise training improves conduit vessel function in patients with coronary artery disease J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2003; 95(1): 20 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Laughlin, W. V. Welshons, M. Sturek, J. W. E. Rush, J. R. Turk, J. A. Taylor, B. M. Judy, K. K. Henderson, and V. K. Ganjam Gender, exercise training, and eNOS expression in porcine skeletal muscle arteries J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2003; 95(1): 250 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Bussemaker, R. Popp, B. Fisslthaler, C.M. Larson, I. Fleming, R. Busse, and R.P. Brandes Hyperthyroidism enhances endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat renal artery Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2003; 59(1): 181 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Dimmeler and A. M. Zeiher Exercise and Cardiovascular Health: Get Active to "AKTivate" Your Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Circulation, July 1, 2003; 107(25): 3118 - 3120. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Hambrecht, V. Adams, S. Erbs, A. Linke, N. Krankel, Y. Shu, Y. Baither, S. Gielen, H. Thiele, J.F. Gummert, et al. Regular Physical Activity Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by Increasing Phosphorylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Circulation, July 1, 2003; 107(25): 3152 - 3158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. Harris, M. A. Blackstone, H. Ju, V. J. Venema, and R. C. Venema Heat-induced increases in endothelial NO synthase expression and activity and endothelial NO release Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 5, 2003; 285(1): H333 - H340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S O. Narin, L Pinar, D Erbas, V Ozturk, and F Idiman The effects of exercise and exercise-related changes in blood nitric oxide level on migraine headache Clinical Rehabilitation, June 1, 2003; 17(6): 624 - 630. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Sciacqua, M. Candigliota, R. Ceravolo, A. Scozzafava, F. Sinopoli, A. Corsonello, G. Sesti, and F. Perticone Weight Loss in Combination With Physical Activity Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Obesity Diabetes Care, June 1, 2003; 26(6): 1673 - 1678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. R. Woodman, J. R. Turk, D. P. Williams, and M. H. Laughlin Exercise training preserves endothelium-dependent relaxation in brachial arteries from hyperlipidemic pigs J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2003; 94(5): 2017 - 2026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Meyrelles, R. V. Sharma, H. Z. Mao, F. M. Abboud, and M. W. Chapleau Modulation of baroreceptor activity by gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase to carotid sinus adventitia Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): R1190 - R1198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. E. Rush, J. R. Turk, and M. H. Laughlin Exercise training regulates SOD-1 and oxidative stress in porcine aortic endothelium Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2003; 284(4): H1378 - H1387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Davis, H. Cai, L. McCann, T. Fukai, and D. G. Harrison Role of c-Src in regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression during exercise training Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2003; 284(4): H1449 - H1453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Laughlin, L. J. Rubin, J. W. E. Rush, E. M. Price, W. G. Schrage, and C. R. Woodman Short-term training enhances endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary arteries, not arterioles J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2003; 94(1): 234 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E J F Danson and D J Paterson Enhanced neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression is central to cardiac vagal phenotype in exercise-trained mice J. Physiol., January 1, 2003; 546(1): 225 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Indolfi, D. Torella, C. Coppola, A. Curcio, F. Rodriguez, A. Bilancio, A. Leccia, O. Arcucci, M. Falco, D. Leosco, et al. Physical Training Increases eNOS Vascular Expression and Activity and Reduces Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty or Arterial Stenting in Rats Circ. Res., December 13, 2002; 91(12): 1190 - 1197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Saura, C. Zaragoza, W. Cao, C. Bao, M. Rodriguez-Puyol, D. Rodriguez-Puyol, and C. J. Lowenstein Smad2 Mediates Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Induction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Circ. Res., November 1, 2002; 91(9): 806 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. A. Lanfranchi and V. K Somers Arterial baroreflex function and cardiovascular variability: interactions and implications Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): R815 - R826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Muller-Delp, S. A. Spier, M. W. Ramsey, and M. D. Delp Aging impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat skeletal muscle arterioles Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): H1662 - H1672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. W Booth, M. V Chakravarthy, and E. E Spangenburg Exercise and gene expression: physiological regulation of the human genome through physical activity J. Physiol., September 1, 2002; 543(2): 399 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Green, C. Cheetham, L. Mavaddat, K. Watts, M. Best, R. Taylor, and G. O'Driscoll Effect of lower limb exercise on forearm vascular function: contribution of nitric oxide Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): H899 - H907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Fukai, R. J Folz, U. Landmesser, and D. G Harrison Extracellular superoxide dismutase and cardiovascular disease Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2002; 55(2): 239 - 249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G.F Bronzwaer, C. Zeitz, C. A Visser, and W. J Paulus Endomyocardial nitric oxide synthase and the hemodynamic phenotypes of human dilated cardiomyopathy and of athlete's heart Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2002; 55(2): 270 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Kawano, T. Motoyama, H. Yasue, N. Hirai, H. M. Waly, K. Kugiyama, and H. Ogawa Endothelial function fluctuates with diurnal variation in the frequency of ischemic episodes in patients with variant angina J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 17, 2002; 40(2): 266 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. W. Booth, M. V. Chakravarthy, S. E. Gordon, and E. E. Spangenburg Waging war on physical inactivity: using modern molecular ammunition against an ancient enemy J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 3 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Jen, H.-P. Chan, and H.-i. Chen Chronic Exercise Improves Endothelial Calcium Signaling and Vasodilatation in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Femoral Artery Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2002; 22(7): 1219 - 1224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Dai, O. Tsukurov, M. Chen, J. P. Gertler, and R. D. Kamm Endothelial nitric oxide production during in vitro simulation of external limb compression Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2066 - H2075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Chu, D. D. Heistad, K. L. Knudtson, K. G. Lamping, and F. M. Faraci Quantification of mRNA for Endothelial NO Synthase in Mouse Blood Vessels by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 611 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Jen, H.-P. Chan, and H.-I. Chen Acute exercise enhances vasorelaxation by modulating endothelial calcium signaling in rat aortas Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2002; 282(3): H977 - H982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. V. Chakravarthy, M. J. Joyner, and F. W. Booth An Obligation for Primary Care Physicians to Prescribe Physical Activity to Sedentary Patients to Reduce the Risk of Chronic Health Conditions Mayo Clin. Proc., February 1, 2002; 77(2): 165 - 173. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Kelm Flow-mediated dilatation in human circulation: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): H1 - H5. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. T. Yang, J. Ren, M. H. Laughlin, and R. L. Terjung Prior exercise training produces NO-dependent increases in collateral blood flow after acute arterial occlusion Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): H301 - H310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Marques, I. Millas, A. Jimenez, E. Garcia-Colis, J. A. Rodriguez-Feo, S. Velasco, A. Barrientos, S. Casado, and A. Lopez-Farre Alteration of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase System in the Vascular Wall of Lead-Induced Hypertension in Rats J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2001; 12(12): 2594 - 2600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Meilhac, S. Ramachandran, K. Chiang, N. Santanam, and S. Parthasarathy Role of Arterial Wall Antioxidant Defense in Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Atherosclerosis in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2001; 21(10): 1681 - 1688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]