Circulation Research, Vol 61, 866-879, Copyright © 1987 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical

LJ Ignarro, RE Byrns, GM Buga and KS Wood
Department of Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine 90024.

The objective of this study was to elucidate the close similarity in properties between endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and nitric oxide radical (NO). Whenever possible, a comparison was also made between arterial and venous EDRF. In vascular relaxation experiments, acetylcholine and bradykinin were used as endothelium- dependent relaxants of isolated rings of bovine intrapulmonary artery and vein, respectively, and NO was used to relax endothelium-denuded rings. Oxyhemoglobin produced virtually identical concentration- dependent inhibitory effects on both endothelium-dependent and NO- elicited relaxation. Oxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobin lowered cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, increased tone in unrubbed artery and vein, and abolished the marked accumulation of vascular cGMP caused both by endothelium-dependent relaxants and by NO. The marked inhibitory effects of oxyhemoglobin on arterial and venous relaxant responses and cGMP accumulation as well as its contractile effects were abolished or reversed by carbon monoxide. These observations indicate that EDRF and NO possess identical properties in their interactions with oxyhemoproteins. Both EDRF from artery and vein and NO activated purified soluble guanylate cyclase by heme-dependent mechanisms, thereby revealing an additional similarity in heme interactions. Spectrophotometric analysis disclosed that the characteristic shift in the Soret peak for hemoglobin produced by NO was also produced by an endothelium-derived factor released from washed aortic endothelial cells by acetylcholine or A23187. Pyrogallol, via the action of superoxide anion, markedly inhibited the spectral shifts, relaxant effects, and cGMP accumulating actions produced by both EDRF and NO. Superoxide dismutase enhanced the relaxant and cGMP accumulating effects of both EDRF and NO. Thus, EDRF and NO are inactivated by superoxide in a closely similar manner. We conclude, therefore, that EDRF from artery and vein is either NO or a chemically related radical species.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. T. Gladwin and D. B. Kim-Shapiro The functional nitrite reductase activity of the heme-globins Blood, October 1, 2008; 112(7): 2636 - 2647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Lopez, R. Mendoza, G. Cleva Villanueva, G. Martinez, E. F. Castillo, and C. Castillo Participation of K+ Channels in the Endothelium-Dependent and Endothelium-Independent Components of the Relaxant Effect of Rosuvastatin in Rat Aortic Rings Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, September 1, 2008; 13(3): 207 - 213. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. C. Minneci, K. J. Deans, S. Shiva, H. Zhi, S. M. Banks, S. Kern, C. Natanson, S. B. Solomon, and M. T. Gladwin Nitrite reductase activity of hemoglobin as a systemic nitric oxide generator mechanism to detoxify plasma hemoglobin produced during hemolysis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2008; 295(2): H743 - H754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kirsch, B. Kemp-Harper, N. Weissmann, F. Grimminger, and H. H. H. W. Schmidt Sildenafil in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension potentiates a compensatory up-regulation of NO-cGMP signaling FASEB J, January 1, 2008; 22(1): 30 - 40. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Bonaventura Clinical implications of the loss of vasoactive nitric oxide during red blood cell storage PNAS, December 4, 2007; 104(49): 19165 - 19166. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. S. Harrington, M. J. Carrier, N. Gallagher, D. Gilroy, C. J. Garland, and J. A. Mitchell Elucidation of the temporal relationship between endothelial-derived NO and EDHF in mesenteric vessels Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): H1682 - H1688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E. Cooper and C. Giulivi Nitric oxide regulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption II: molecular mechanism and tissue physiology Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): C1993 - C2003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. B. Campbell and J. R. Falck Arachidonic Acid Metabolites as Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factors Hypertension, March 1, 2007; 49(3): 590 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Gladwin, N. J. H. Raat, S. Shiva, C. Dezfulian, N. Hogg, D. B. Kim-Shapiro, and R. P. Patel Nitrite as a vascular endocrine nitric oxide reservoir that contributes to hypoxic signaling, cytoprotection, and vasodilation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): H2026 - H2035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Wenzel, A. Schmidt, K. Reimann, J. Hescheler, G. Pfitzer, W. Bloch, and B.K. Fleischmann Endostatin, the Proteolytic Fragment of Collagen XVIII, Induces Vasorelaxation Circ. Res., May 12, 2006; 98(9): 1203 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Zweier and M.A. H. Talukder The role of oxidants and free radicals in reperfusion injury Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2006; 70(2): 181 - 190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. Ryter, J. Alam, and A. M. K. Choi Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide: From Basic Science to Therapeutic Applications Physiol Rev, April 1, 2006; 86(2): 583 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. B. Kim-Shapiro, A. N. Schechter, and M. T. Gladwin Unraveling the Reactions of Nitric Oxide, Nitrite, and Hemoglobin in Physiology and Therapeutics Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2006; 26(4): 697 - 705. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Grun, C. Lindermayr, S. Sell, and J. Durner Nitric oxide and gene regulation in plants J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2006; 57(3): 507 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Godecke On the impact of NO-globin interactions in the cardiovascular system Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2006; 69(2): 309 - 317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Azarov, K. T. Huang, S. Basu, M. T. Gladwin, N. Hogg, and D. B. Kim-Shapiro Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Red Blood Cells as a Function of Hematocrit and Oxygenation J. Biol. Chem., November 25, 2005; 280(47): 39024 - 39032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. McMahon, G. S. Ahearn, M. P. Moya, A. J. Gow, Y.-C. T. Huang, B. P. Luchsinger, R. Nudelman, Y. Yan, A. D. Krichman, T. M. Bashore, et al. A nitric oxide processing defect of red blood cells created by hypoxia: Deficiency of S-nitrosohemoglobin in pulmonary hypertension PNAS, October 11, 2005; 102(41): 14801 - 14806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Hauser, H. Bracht, M. Matejovic, P. Radermacher, and B. Venkatesh Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition in Sepsis? Lessons Learned from Large-Animal Studies Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2005; 101(2): 488 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. J. Schopfer, P. R. S. Baker, G. Giles, P. Chumley, C. Batthyany, J. Crawford, R. P. Patel, N. Hogg, B. P. Branchaud, J. R. Lancaster Jr., et al. Fatty Acid Transduction of Nitric Oxide Signaling: NITROLINOLEIC ACID IS A HYDROPHOBICALLY STABILIZED NITRIC OXIDE DONOR J. Biol. Chem., May 13, 2005; 280(19): 19289 - 19297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Cakir, O. Ozcan, H. Yaman, E. O. Akgul, C. Bilgi, M. K. Erbil, and Z. Yesilova Elevated Plasma Concentration of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine That Is Reduced by Single Dose Testosterone Administration in Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Patients J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1651 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Gladwin and G. J. Kato Cardiopulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: Role of Nitric Oxide and Hemolytic Anemia Hematology, January 1, 2005; 2005(1): 51 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Warner, H. Sheng, and I. Batinic-Haberle Oxidants, antioxidants and the ischemic brain J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2004; 207(18): 3221 - 3231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. I. Levin Theriac found? Nitric oxide-aspirin and the search for the universal cure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 4, 2004; 44(3): 642 - 643. [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A. Clark, L. M. Alleva, A. C. Mills, and W. B. Cowden Pathogenesis of Malaria and Clinically Similar Conditions Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2004; 17(3): 509 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Yamashita, S. Akamine, Y. Sumida, M. Inoue, T. Sawada, T. Nagayasu, and T. Oka Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rabbit lung Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2004; 78(1): 292 - 297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Hu, M. Xin, L. L. Belayev, J. Zhang, E. R. Block, and J. M. Patel Autoinhibitory domain fragment of endothelial NOS enhances pulmonary artery vasorelaxation by the NO-cGMP pathway Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): L1066 - L1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. Ryter, D. Morse, and A. M. K. Choi Carbon Monoxide: To Boldly Go Where NO Has Gone Before Sci. Signal., April 27, 2004; 2004(230): re6 - re6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Gibbons and G. Farrugia The role of carbon monoxide in the gastrointestinal tract J. Physiol., April 15, 2004; 556(2): 325 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. S. Aulak, T. Koeck, J. W. Crabb, and D. J. Stuehr Dynamics of protein nitration in cells and mitochondria Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H30 - H38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. T. Ameredes, L. E. Otterbein, L. K. Kohut, A. L. Gligonic, W. J. Calhoun, and A. M. K. Choi Low-dose carbon monoxide reduces airway hyperresponsiveness in mice Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2003; 285(6): L1270 - L1276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Cominacini, A. Fratta Pasini, U. Garbin, C. Nava, A. Davoli, M. Criscuoli, A. Crea, T. Sawamura, and V. Lo Cascio Nebivolol and its 4-keto derivative increase nitric oxide in endothelial cells by reducing its oxidative inactivation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 19, 2003; 42(10): 1838 - 1844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. H. Han, E. Qamirani, A. G. Nelson, D. R. Hyduke, G. Chaudhuri, L. Kuo, and J. C. Liao Regulation of nitric oxide consumption by hypoxic red blood cells PNAS, October 14, 2003; 100(21): 12504 - 12509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Xu, M. Cho, N. Y. Spencer, N. Patel, Z. Huang, H. Shields, S. B. King, M. T. Gladwin, N. Hogg, and D. B. Kim-Shapiro Measurements of nitric oxide on the heme iron and {beta}-93 thiol of human hemoglobin during cycles of oxygenation and deoxygenation PNAS, September 30, 2003; 100(20): 11303 - 11308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Zuzak, M. T. Gladwin, R. O. Cannon III, and I. W. Levin Imaging hemoglobin oxygen saturation in sickle cell disease patients using noninvasive visible reflectance hyperspectral techniques: effects of nitric oxide Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H1183 - H1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Wolfrum, K. S. Jensen, and J. K. Liao Endothelium-Dependent Effects of Statins Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2003; 23(5): 729 - 736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Brutsaert Cardiac Endothelial-Myocardial Signaling: Its Role in Cardiac Growth, Contractile Performance, and Rhythmicity Physiol Rev, January 1, 2003; 83(1): 59 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Hermenegildo, P. Medina, M. Peiro, G. Segarra, J. M. Vila, J. Ortega, and S. Lluch Plasma Concentration of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, an Endogenous Inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Synthase, Is Elevated in Hyperthyroid Patients J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2002; 87(12): 5636 - 5640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K Stuart-Smith Demystified ... Nitric oxide Mol. Pathol., December 1, 2002; 55(6): 360 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Joshi, T. B. Ferguson Jr., T. H. Han, D. R. Hyduke, J. C. Liao, T. Rassaf, N. Bryan, M. Feelisch, and J. R. Lancaster Jr. Nitric oxide is consumed, rather than conserved, by reaction with oxyhemoglobin under physiological conditions PNAS, August 6, 2002; 99(16): 10341 - 10346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. H. Han, D. R. Hyduke, M. W. Vaughn, J. M. Fukuto, and J. C. Liao Nitric oxide reaction with red blood cells and hemoglobin under heterogeneous conditions PNAS, May 28, 2002; 99(11): 7763 - 7768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Villamor, K. Ruijtenbeek, V. Pulgar, J. G. R. De Mey, and C. E. Blanco Vascular reactivity in intrapulmonary arteries of chicken embryos during transition to ex ovo life Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2002; 282(3): R917 - R927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. V. d'Uscio, L. A. Smith, and Z. S. Katusic Hypercholesterolemia Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Relaxations in Common Carotid Arteries of Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Stroke, November 1, 2001; 32(11): 2658 - 2664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ogasa, H. Nakano, H. Ide, Y. Yamamoto, N. Sasaki, S. Osanai, Y. Akiba, K. Kikuchi, and J. Iwamoto Flow-mediated release of nitric oxide in isolated, perfused rabbit lungs J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2001; 91(1): 363 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. V. d'Uscio, T. A. Baker, C. B. Mantilla, L. Smith, D. Weiler, G. C. Sieck, and Z. S. Katusic Mechanism of Endothelial Dysfunction in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2001; 21(6): 1017 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. M. Leise, K. Thavaradhara, N. R. Durham, and B. E. Turner Serotonin and Nitric Oxide Regulate Metamorphosis in the Marine Snail Ilyanassa obsoleta Integr. Comp. Biol., April 1, 2001; 41(2): 258 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Cockrill, R. M. Kacmarek, M. A. Fifer, L. M. Bigatello, L. C. Ginns, W. M. Zapol, and M. J. Semigran Comparison of the Effects of Nitric Oxide, Nitroprusside, and Nifedipine on Hemodynamics and Right Ventricular Contractility in Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension Chest, January 1, 2001; 119(1): 128 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Gladwin, J. H. Shelhamer, A. N. Schechter, M. E. Pease-Fye, M. A. Waclawiw, J. A. Panza, F. P. Ognibene, and R. O. Cannon III Role of circulating nitrite and S-nitrosohemoglobin in the regulation of regional blood flow in humans PNAS, October 10, 2000; 97(21): 11482 - 11487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Blond, H. Raoul, R. Le Grand, and D. Dormont Nitric Oxide Synthesis Enhances Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Primary Human Macrophages J. Virol., October 1, 2000; 74(19): 8904 - 8912. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Z.-D. Ge, X.-H. Zhang, P. Chin-Wan Fung, and G.-W. He Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation resistance to NG-nitro-L-arginine and indomethacin in coronary circulation Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2000; 46(3): 547 - 556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-i. Lee, X. Liu, and J. L. Zweier Regulation of Xanthine Oxidase by Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite J. Biol. Chem., March 24, 2000; 275(13): 9369 - 9376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P Cooke The endothelium: a new target for therapy Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2000; 5(1): 49 - 53. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. E. Seiden, O. Platoshyn, A. E. Bakst, S. S. McDaniel, and J. X.-J. Yuan High K+-induced membrane depolarization attenuates endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2000; 278(2): L261 - L267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Squadrito, D. Altavilla, G. Squadrito, A. Saitta, D. Cucinotta, L. Minutoli, B. Deodato, M. Ferlito, G. M. Campo, A. Bova, et al. Genistein supplementation and estrogen replacement therapy improve endothelial dysfunction induced by ovariectomy in rats Cardiovasc Res, January 14, 2000; 45(2): 454 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F Hofmann, A Ammendola, and J Schlossmann Rising behind NO: cGMP-dependent protein kinases J. Cell Sci., January 5, 2000; 113(10): 1671 - 1676. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Segarra, P. Medina, R. M. Ballester, P. Lluch, M. Aldasoro, J. M. Vila, S. Lluch, and D. A. Pelligrino Effects of Some Guanidino Compounds on Human Cerebral Arteries • Editorial Comment Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2206 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. R. Borges, T. Feres, L. M. Vianna, and T. B. Paiva Effect of Cholecalciferol Treatment on the Relaxant Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Arteries to Acetylcholine Hypertension, October 1, 1999; 34(4): 897 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Kenet, J. Freedman, B. Shenkman, E. Regina, F. Brok-Simoni, F. Holzman, F. Vavva, N. Brand, A. Michelson, M. Trolliet, et al. Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase Deficiency and Platelet Insensitivity to Nitric Oxide in Children With Familial Stroke Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1999; 19(8): 2017 - 2023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. V. Turko, S. A. Ballard, S. H. Francis, and J. D. Corbin Inhibition of Cyclic GMP-Binding Cyclic GMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase (Type 5) by Sildenafil and Related Compounds Mol. Pharmacol., July 1, 1999; 56(1): 124 - 130. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. L. Aschner, N. Kovacs, J. V. Perciaccante, J. P. Figueroa, N. Thrikawala, G. S. Robins, and D. W. Busija Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene transfer enhances dilation of newborn piglet pulmonary arteries Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1999; 277(1): H371 - H379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P Cooke The 1998 Nobel prize in Medicine: clinical implications for 1999 and beyond Vascular Medicine, May 1, 1999; 4(2): 57 - 60. [PDF]

				C. O. Wambi-Kiesse and Z. S. Katusic Inhibition of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase impairs NO ·-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): H1043 - H1048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Perticone, R. Ceravolo, R. Maio, G. Ventura, S. Iacopino, G. Cuda, P. Mastroroberto, M. Chello, and P. L. Mattioli Calcium antagonist isradipine improves abnormal endothelium-dependent vasodilation in never treated hypertensive patients Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1999; 41(1): 299 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Patel, J. R. Martens, Y. D. Li, C. H. Gelband, M. K. Raizada, and E. R. Block Angiotensin IV receptor-mediated activation of lung endothelial NOS is associated with vasorelaxation Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): L1061 - L1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Hanke, J. G. Drewett, C. R. Myers, and W. B. Campbell Nitric Oxide Inhibits Aldosterone Synthesis by a Guanylyl Cyclase-Independent Effect Endocrinology, October 1, 1998; 139(10): 4053 - 4060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. van der Stroom Influence of Vasodilator Drugs on Perioperative Blood Pressure Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, September 1, 1998; 2(3): 204 - 221. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Abderrahmane, D. Salvail, M. Dumoulin, J. Garon, A. Cadieux, and E. Rousseau Direct Activation of KCa Channel in Airway Smooth Muscle by Nitric Oxide: Involvement of a Nitrothiosylation Mechanism? Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., September 1, 1998; 19(3): 485 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. O. Cannon III Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular disease: focus on the endothelium Clin. Chem., August 1, 1998; 44(8): 1809 - 1819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Onaka, K. Fujii, I. Abe, and M. Fujishima Antihypertensive Treatment Improves Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization in the Mesenteric Artery of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Circulation, July 14, 1998; 98(2): 175 - 182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Thorin, P. L. Huang, M. C. Fishman, and J. A. Bevan Nitric Oxide Inhibits {alpha}2-Adrenoceptor–Mediated Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Circ. Res., June 29, 1998; 82(12): 1323 - 1329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Galea, E. V. Golanov, D. L. Feinstein, K. A. Kobylarz, S. B. Glickstein, and D. J. Reis Cerebellar stimulation reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and protects brain from ischemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 1998; 274(6): H2035 - H2045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Fujita, D. L Roerig, Z. J Bosnjak, and D. F Stowe Effects of vasodilators and perfusion pressure on coronary flow and simultaneous release of nitric oxide from guinea pig isolated hearts Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 1998; 38(3): 655 - 667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Perticone, R. Ceravolo, R. Maio, G. Ventura, A. Zingone, N. Perrotti, and P. L. Mattioli Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Never Treated Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, April 1, 1998; 31(4): 900 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Fujii, K. Ichimori, K. Hoshiai, and H. Nakazawa Nitric Oxide Inactivates NADPH Oxidase in Pig Neutrophils by Inhibiting Its Assembling Process J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 1997; 272(52): 32773 - 32778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Rahimian, I. Laher, G. Dube, and C. v. Breemen Estrogen and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator LY117018 Enhance Release of Nitric Oxide in Rat Aorta J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 1997; 283(1): 116 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. S. Feder, D. Stelts, R. W. Chapman, D. Manfra, Y. Crawley, H. Jones, M. Minnicozzi, X. Fernandez, T. Paster, R. W. Egan, et al. Role of Nitric Oxide on Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation in Allergic Mice Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., October 1, 1997; 17(4): 436 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Ding, B. A.St. Pierre, J. F. Parkinson, P. Medberry, J. L. Wong, N. E. Rogers, L. J. Ignarro, and J. E. Merrill Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Production in Human Fetal Astrocytes and Microglia. A KINETIC ANALYSIS J. Biol. Chem., April 25, 1997; 272(17): 11327 - 11335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Khan, M Kayahara, U Joashi, N. Mazarakis, C Sarraf, A. Edwards, M. Hughes, and H Mehmet Differential induction of apoptosis in Swiss 3T3 cells by nitric oxide and the nitrosonium cation J. Cell Sci., January 9, 1997; 110(18): 2315 - 2322. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Lee, D. C. Drinkwater Jr., H. Laks, A. Chong, A. Blitz, M. A. Chen, L. J. Ignarro, and P. Chang PRESERVATION OF ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT VASODILATION WITH LOW-POTASSIUM UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SOLUTION J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 1996; 112(1): 103 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. F. Pratt, M. Rosolowsky, and W. B. Campbell Mediators of Arachidonic Acid–Induced Relaxation of Bovine Coronary Artery Hypertension, July 1, 1996; 28(1): 76 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K. S.K. Chang, M. Z. Zhong, and R. F. Davis Indigo Carmine Inhibits Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation Hypertension, February 1, 1996; 27(2): 228 - 234. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C.-J. Tseng, H.-Y. Liu, H.-C. Lin, L.-P. Ger, C.-S. Tung, and M.-H. Yen Cardiovascular Effects of Nitric Oxide in the Brain Stem Nuclei of Rats Hypertension, January 1, 1996; 27(1): 36 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. S. Tsao, N. P. Lewis, S. Alpert, and J. P. Cooke Exposure to Shear Stress Alters Endothelial Adhesiveness : Role of Nitric Oxide Circulation, December 15, 1995; 92(12): 3513 - 3519. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. E. Garcia, C. M. Kilcoyne, C. Cardillo, R. O. Cannon III, A. A. Quyyumi, and J. A. Panza Effect of Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Essential Hypertension Hypertension, December 1, 1995; 26(6): 863 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. A. Cohen and P. M. Vanhoutte Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization : Beyond Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP Circulation, December 1, 1995; 92(11): 3337 - 3349. [Full Text]

				N. L. Weintraub, A. H. Stephenson, R. S. Sprague, L. McMurdo, and A. J. Lonigro Relationship of Arachidonic Acid Release to Porcine Coronary Artery Relaxation Hypertension, October 1, 1995; 26(4): 684 - 690. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. A. Quyyumi, N. Dakak, N. P. Andrews, D. M. Gilligan, J. A. Panza, and R. O. Cannon III Contribution of Nitric Oxide to Metabolic Coronary Vasodilation in the Human Heart Circulation, August 1, 1995; 92(3): 320 - 326. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Rosselli, B. Imthurn, P. J. Keller, E. K. Jackson, and R. K. Dubey Circulating Nitric Oxide (Nitrite/Nitrate) Levels in Postmenopausal Women Substituted With 17ß-Estradiol and Norethisterone Acetate : A Two-Year Follow-up Study Hypertension, April 1, 1995; 25(4): 848 - 853. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. A. Panza, C. E. Garcia, C. M. Kilcoyne, A. A. Quyyumi, and R. O. Cannon III Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Essential Hypertension : Evidence That Nitric Oxide Abnormality Is Not Localized to a Single Signal Transduction Pathway Circulation, March 15, 1995; 91(6): 1732 - 1738. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. L. Zweier, P. Wang, and P. Kuppusamy Direct Measurement of Nitric Oxide Generation in the Ischemic Heart Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy J. Biol. Chem., January 6, 1995; 270(1): 304 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]