Circulation Research, Vol 44, 503-512, Copyright © 1979 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Myocardial infarct size and ventricular function in rats

MA Pfeffer, JM Pfeffer, MC Fishbein, PJ Fletcher, J Spadaro, RA Kloner and E Braunwald

To define the relationship between infarct size and ventricular performance, we performed hemodynamic studies in rats 21 days after left coronary artery occlusion. Ventricular performance was assessed under ether anesthesia by measurements of baseline hemodynamics and stressed performance as determined by the peak cardiac output and stroke volume obtained during intravenous volume loading and by the peak left ventricular developed pressure obtained during occlusion of the ascending aorta. Infarct size was determined by planimetry of the endocardial circumference of each of four histological slices of the left ventricle. Rats with small (4-30%) myocardial infarctions had no discernible impairment in either baseline hemodynamics or peak indices of pumping and pressure-generating ability when compared to the sham- operated, noninfarcted rats. Rats with moderate (31-46%) infarctions had normal baseline hemodynamics but reduced peak flow indices and developed pressure. Rats with infarctions greater than 46% had congestive heart failure, with elevated filling pressures, reduced cardiac output, and a minimal capacity to respond to pre- and after load stresses. The entire spectrum of postinfarction ventricular function was observed, from no detectable impairment to congestive failure. In this model of histologically healed myocardial infarction, the impairment of left ventricular function was directly related to the loss of myocardium.

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				B. Westendorp, R. G Schoemaker, H. Buikema, D. de Zeeuw, D. J van Veldhuisen, and W. H van Gilst Dietary sodium restriction specifically potentiates left ventricular ACE inhibition by zofenopril, and is associated with attenuated hypertrophic response in rats with myocardial infarction Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2004; 5(1): 27 - 32. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. Van Kerckhoven, R. van Veghel, P. R Saxena, and R. G Schoemaker Pharmacological therapy can increase capillary density in post-infarction remodeled rat hearts Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2004; 61(3): 620 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Shiomi, H. Tsutsui, H. Matsusaka, K. Murakami, S. Hayashidani, M. Ikeuchi, J. Wen, T. Kubota, H. Utsumi, and A. Takeshita Overexpression of Glutathione Peroxidase Prevents Left Ventricular Remodeling and Failure After Myocardial Infarction in Mice Circulation, February 3, 2004; 109(4): 544 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Zhang, P. Zhang, J. Guo, Z. Jia, K. Ma, Y. Liu, C. Zhou, and L. Li Enhanced cytoprotection and angiogenesis by bone marrow cell transplantation may contribute to improved ischemic myocardial function Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., February 1, 2004; 25(2): 188 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. V. Gourine, Q. Hu, P. R. Sander, A. I. Kuzmin, N. Hanafy, S. A. Davydova, D. V. Zaretsky, and J. Zhang Interstitial purine metabolites in hearts with LV remodeling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): H677 - H684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Omerovic, E. Bollano, B. Soussi, and F. Waagstein Selective {beta}1-blockade attenuates post-infarct remodelling without improvement in myocardial energy metabolism and function in rats with heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, December 1, 2003; 5(6): 725 - 732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Nahrendorf, K.-H. Hiller, A. Greiser, S. Kohler, T. Neuberger, K. Hu, C. Waller, M. Albrecht, S. Neubauer, A. Haase, et al. Chronic coronary artery stenosis induces impaired function of remote myocardium: MRI and spectroscopy study in rat Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2003; 285(6): H2712 - H2721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. R. De Smet, M. F. Menadue, J. R. Oliver, and P. A. Phillips Increased thirst and vasopressin secretion after myocardial infarction in rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): R1203 - R1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Hayashidani, H. Tsutsui, T. Shiomi, M. Ikeuchi, H. Matsusaka, N. Suematsu, J. Wen, K. Egashira, and A. Takeshita Anti-Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Therapy Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling and Failure After Experimental Myocardial Infarction Circulation, October 28, 2003; 108(17): 2134 - 2140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Ohtsuka, K. Ishikawa, S. Suzuki, I. Yamaguchi, N. Masuda, K. Wada, and W. Uchid A porcine model of ischemic heart failure produced by chronic placement of a tube in a coronary artery Eur J Heart Fail, October 1, 2003; 5(5): 591 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Wang, K. P. Patel, K. G. Cornish, K. M. Channon, and I. H. Zucker nNOS gene transfer to RVLM improves baroreflex function in rats with chronic heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): H1660 - H1667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Tsuda, E. Gao, L. Evangelisti, D. Markova, X. Ma, and M.-L. Chu Post-ischemic myocardial fibrosis occurs independent of hemodynamic changes Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2003; 59(4): 926 - 933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gattenlohner, C. Waller, G. Ertl, B.-D. Bultmann, H.-K. Muller-Hermelink, and A. Marx NCAM(CD56) and RUNX1(AML1) Are Up-Regulated in Human Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and a Rat Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2003; 163(3): 1081 - 1090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Chen, S.-K. Song, W. Liu, M. McLean, J. S. Allen, J. Tan, S. A. Wickline, and X. Yu Remodeling of cardiac fiber structure after infarction in rats quantified with diffusion tensor MRI Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H946 - H954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Hayashidani, H. Tsutsui, M. Ikeuchi, T. Shiomi, H. Matsusaka, T. Kubota, K. Imanaka-Yoshida, T. Itoh, and A. Takeshita Targeted deletion of MMP-2 attenuates early LV rupture and late remodeling after experimental myocardial infarction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H1229 - H1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Gaertner, D. Lepailleur-Enouf, W. Gonzalez, A. Nicoletti, C. Mandet, M. Philippe, J.-J. Mercadier, and J.-B. Michel Pulmonary endothelium as a site of synthesis and storage of interleukin-6 in experimental congestive heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2003; 5(4): 435 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Nakamura, S. Umemoto, G. Naik, G. Moe, S. Takata, P. Liu, and M. Matsuzaki Induction of left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in the recipient heart after donor heart myocardial infarction: new insights into the pathologic role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from a novel heterotopic transplant-coronary ligation rat model J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 2, 2003; 42(1): 173 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Helwig, K. M. Schreurs, J. Hansen, K. S. Hageman, M. G. Zbreski, R. M. McAllister, K. E. Mitchell, and T. I. Musch Training-induced changes in skeletal muscle Na+-K+ pump number and isoform expression in rats with chronic heart failure J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2003; 94(6): 2225 - 2236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Seeland, I. Kouchi, O. Zolk, F. Jockenhovel, G. Itter, W. Linz, and M. Bohm Effects of diuretic treatment on cardiac and circulating RAS in chronic heart failure post-myocardial infarction in rats Eur J Heart Fail, June 1, 2003; 5(3): 241 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. G. De Pasquale, A. D. Bersten, I. R. Doyle, P. E. Aylward, and L. F. Arnolda Infarct-induced chronic heart failure increases bidirectional protein movement across the alveolocapillary barrier Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2003; 284(6): H2136 - H2145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sugie, Y. Kagaya, M. Takeda, H. Yahagi, C. Takahashi, J. Takahashi, M. Ninomiya, J. Watanabe, R. Ichinohasama, F. Tezuka, et al. Should increasing the dose or adding an AT1 receptor blocker follow a relatively low dose of ACE inhibitor initiated in acute myocardial infarction? Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2003; 58(3): 611 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Nishida, T.-S. Li, K. Hirata, M. Yano, M. Matsuzaki, and K. Hamano Improvement of cardiac function by bone marrow cell implantation in a rat hypoperfusion heart model Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2003; 75(3): 768 - 773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gschwend, H. Buikema, R. H. Henning, Y. M. Pinto, D. de Zeeuw, and W. H. van Gilst Endothelial dysfunction and infarct-size relate to impaired EDHF response in rat experimental chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, March 1, 2003; 5(2): 147 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Jin, R. Yang, W. Li, A. K. Ogasawara, R. Schwall, D. A. Eberhard, Z. Zheng, D. Kahn, and N. F. Paoni Early Treatment with Hepatocyte Growth Factor Improves Cardiac Function in Experimental Heart Failure Induced by Myocardial Infarction J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2003; 304(2): 654 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]