© 1974 American Heart Association, Inc.
Instantaneous Pressure-Volume Relationships and Their Ratio in the Excised, Supported Canine Left Ventricle
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
We have previously shown in the normally ejecting canine left ventricle that E(t), the time-varying ratio of instantaneous pressure, P(t), to instantaneous volume, V(t), is little affected by end-diastolic volume or aortic pressure. The present study on an excised, supported canine heart preparation indicates that the thesis on E(t) is also valid for either totally isovolumic or auxobaric beats. Intraventricular volume was measured more accurately than it was in the previous study by a new volumetric system. Regression analysis of the data showed that the instantaneous pressure-volume relationship could be approximated by the equation P(t) = E(t).[V(t) - Vd], where Vd is an empirical constant, over a wide range of intraventricular volume. Similar E(t) curves were obtained from both isovolumic and auxobaric beats for a given contractile state. When the contractile state of the preparation was enhanced by a constant-rate infusion (0.2 µg/min) of norepinephrine or isoproterenol into the coronary artery, the peak magnitude of E(t) increased 63% from 3.6 mm Hg/ml and the time to peak E(t) shortened 10% from 175 msec. We conclude that the present investigation substantiates our earlier study which established a link between E(t) and the contractile state of the heart.
Key Words: cardiac mechanics • ventricular volume • pressure-volume diagram • ventricular elastace • ventricular compliance • instantaneous elasticity • index of contractility • volume transducer
Submitted on July 25, 1973
Accepted on March 21, 1974
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C.-H. Chen, M. Nakayama, E. Nevo, B. J. Fetics, W. L. Maughan, and D. A. Kass Coupled systolic-ventricular and vascular stiffening with age: Implications for pressure regulation and cardiac reserve in the elderly J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 1998; 32(5): 1221 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Banerjee, A. M. Mendelsohn, T. K. Knilans, R. A. Meyer, and D. C. Schwartz Effect of myocardial hypertrophy on systolic and diastolic function in children: insights from the force-frequency and relaxation-frequency relationships J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1998; 32(4): 1088 - 1095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Sipkema, J. J.M Takkenberg, P. E.M Zeeuwe, and N. Westerhof Left coronary pressure-flow relations of the beating and arrested rabbit heart at different ventricular volumes Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1998; 40(1): 88 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Suto, A. Mikuniya, T. Okubo, H. Hanada, N. Shinozaki, and K. Okumura Nitric oxide modulates cardiac contractility and oxygen consumption without changing contractile efficiency Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): H41 - H49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Shishido, M. Sugimachi, O. Kawaguchi, H. Miyano, T. Kawada, W. Matsuura, Y. Ikeda, T. Sato, J. Alexander Jr., and K. Sunagawa A new method to measure regional myocardial time-varying elastance using minute vibration Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): H1404 - H1415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Uozaki, A. Murakami, H. Asanoi, S. Ishizaka, and T. Misaki Effect of Assisted Circulation on Left Ventricular Performance in a Canine Model Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1998; 65(3): 663 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. B. Solomon, S. D. Nikolic, S. A. Glantz, and E. L. Yellin Left ventricular diastolic function of remodeled myocardium in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1998; 274(3): H945 - H954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Todaka, K. Ogino, A. Gu, and D. Burkhoff Effect of ventricular stretch on contractile strength, calcium transient, and cAMP in intact canine hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1998; 274(3): H990 - H1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. D. Cheitlin Finding `Just the Right Moment' for Operative Intervention in the Asymptomatic Patient With Moderate to Severe Aortic Regurgitation Circulation, February 17, 1998; 97(6): 518 - 520. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Borer, C. Hochreiter, E. McM. Herrold, P. Supino, M. Aschermann, D. Wencker, R. B. Devereux, M. J. Roman, M. Szulc, P. Kligfield, et al. Prediction of Indications for Valve Replacement Among Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic Patients With Chronic Aortic Regurgitation and Normal Left Ventricular Performance Circulation, February 17, 1998; 97(6): 525 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. M. Klautz, G. L. van Rijk-Zwikker, P. Steendijk, J. Wilde, D. F. Teitel, and J. Baan ACUTE ELEVATION OF CORONARY VENOUS PRESSURE DOES NOT AFFECT LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY IN THE NORMAL AND STRESSED SWINE HEART: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FONTAN OPERATION J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 1997; 114(4): 560 - 567. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. L. Dickstein, H. M. Spotnitz, E. A. Rose, and D. Burkhoff HEART REDUCTION SURGERY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT ON CARDIAC FUNCTION J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1997; 113(6): 1032 - 1040. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. P. Slater, E. C. Lipsitz, J. M. Chen, H. R. Levin, M. C. Oz, D. J. Goldstein, R. C. Ashton, and D. Burkhoff SYSTOLIC VENTRICULAR INTERACTION IN NORMAL AND DISEASED EXPLANTED HUMAN HEARTS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1997; 113(6): 1091 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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O. Kawaguchi, Y. Goto, Y. Ohgoshi, H. Yaku, M. Murase, and H. Suga DYNAMIC CARDIAC COMPRESSION IMPROVES CONTRACTILE EFFICIENCY OF THE HEART J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1997; 113(5): 923 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. A. Mandarino, S. Winowich, J. Gorcsan III, T. A. Gasior, S. M. Pham, B. P. Griffith, and R. L. Kormos Right Ventricular Performance and Left Ventricular Assist Device Filling Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1997; 63(4): 1044 - 1049. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. R. Dalton, J. V. Jones, S. J. Evans, and A. J. Levi Wall stress-induced arrhythmias in the working rat heart as left ventricular hypertrophy regresses during captopril treatment Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 1997; 33(3): 561 - 572. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Gorcsan III, S. Murali, P. J. Counihan, W. A. Mandarino, and R. L. Kormos Right Ventricular Performance and Contractile Reserve in Patients With Severe Heart Failure: Assessment by Pressure-Area Relations and Association With Outcome Circulation, December 15, 1996; 94(12): 3190 - 3197. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Senzaki, C.-H. Chen, and D. A. Kass Single-Beat Estimation of End-Systolic Pressure-Volume Relation in Humans: A New Method With the Potential for Noninvasive Application Circulation, November 15, 1996; 94(10): 2497 - 2506. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. N. Nanas and S. D. Moulopoulos A history of the valveless paraaortic counterpulsation device J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1996; 112(3): 851 - 851. [Full Text]
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C.-H. Park, K. Nishimura, M. Kitano, K. Matsuda, Y. Okamoto, and T. Ban ANALYSIS OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION DURING BYPASS OF THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART BY AFTERLOAD ALTERATIONS IN BOTH NORMAL AND FAILING HEARTS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1996; 111(5): 1092 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 J. N. Amoore and W. P. Santamore A Simulation Study of Factors Influencing Respiratory Variations in Blood Flow with Special Reference to the Effects of the Phase Delay Between the Respiratory and Cardiac Cycles SIMULATION, April 1, 1996; 66(4): 229 - 241. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. D. Feldman, P. H. Pak, C. C. Wu, H. L. Haber, C. M. Heesch, J. D. Bergin, E. R. Powers, T. D. Cowart, W. Johnson, A. M. Feldman, et al. Acute Cardiovascular Effects of OPC-18790 in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure : Time- and Dose-Dependence Analysis Based on Pressure-Volume Relations Circulation, February 1, 1996; 93(3): 474 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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O. Kawaguchi, W. E. Pae, W. B. Daily, J. S. Sapirstein, and W. S. Pierce Left ventricular mechanoenergetics during asynchronous left atrial-to-aortic bypass: Effects of pumping rate on cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen consumption J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1995; 110(3): 793 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. R. Starling Effects of Valve Surgery on Left Ventricular Contractile Function in Patients With Long-term Mitral Regurgitation Circulation, August 15, 1995; 92(4): 811 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Oe, J. Gorcsan III, W. A. Mandarino, A. Kawai, B. P. Griffith, and R. L. Kormos Automated Echocardiographic Measures of Right Ventricular Area as an Index of Volume and End-Systolic Pressure-Area Relations to Assess Right Ventricular Function Circulation, August 15, 1995; 92(4): 1026 - 1033. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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