© 1973 American Heart Association, Inc.
Circus Movement in Rabbit Atrial Muscle as a Mechanism of Tachycardia
1 Department of Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Jan Swammerdam Instituut 1st Const. Huygensstraat 20, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
The isolated left atrium of the rabbit, which showed no spontaneous activity, was electrically driven for 20 beats with a cycle length of 500 msec. Tachycardia could be repeatedly initiated by the application of a single adequately timed stimulus shortly after the refractory period of the last basic beat. After the termination of the tachycardia, either spontaneously or artificially by a properly timed stimulus, this procedure was repeated. The number of beats of these tachycardias varied from just one (coupled extrasystole) to many hundreds. Surface electrograms were recorded at about 300 different sites. From the moments of activation of these sites, the spread of activation during regular driving and during the premature beat and the subsequent tachycardia could be determined. In contrast to the radial spread of the activation during basic rhythm, the impulse of the premature beat was propagated in a circular pathway. This circus movement was maintained during tachycardia. These results show that even in a small area of atrial muscle containing no anatomical obstacle the impulse can be entrapped in a circus movement. This circus movement was the underlying mechanism of the arrhythmia.
Key Words: surface electrogram • atrial premature beats • unidirectional block • initiation and termination of tachycardia • reentry
Accepted on April 27, 1973
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. H.W.J. Ten Tusscher and A. V. Panfilov Influence of diffuse fibrosis on wave propagation in human ventricular tissue Europace, November 1, 2007; 9(suppl_6): vi38 - vi45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ozgen, W. Dun, E. A. Sosunov, E. P. Anyukhovsky, M. Hirose, H. S. Duffy, P. A. Boyden, and M. R. Rosen Early electrical remodeling in rabbit pulmonary vein results from trafficking of intracellular SK2 channels to membrane sites Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2007; 75(4): 758 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Agladze, M. W. Kay, V. Krinsky, and N. Sarvazyan Interaction between spiral and paced waves in cardiac tissue Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H503 - H513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. W. J. ten Tusscher and A. V. Panfilov Alternans and spiral breakup in a human ventricular tissue model Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): H1088 - H1100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R Kuo and N. A Trayanova Action potential morphology heterogeneity in the atrium and its effect on atrial reentry: a two-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional study Phil Trans R Soc A, June 15, 2006; 364(1843): 1349 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E Steinberg, L. Glass, A. Shrier, and G. Bub The role of heterogeneities and intercellular coupling in wave propagation in cardiac tissue Phil Trans R Soc A, May 15, 2006; 364(1842): 1299 - 1311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Bian and L. Tung Structure-Related Initiation of Reentry by Rapid Pacing in Monolayers of Cardiac Cells Circ. Res., March 3, 2006; 98(4): e29 - e38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. N. Weiss, Z. Qu, P.-S. Chen, S.-F. Lin, H. S. Karagueuzian, H. Hayashi, A. Garfinkel, and A. Karma The Dynamics of Cardiac Fibrillation Circulation, August 23, 2005; 112(8): 1232 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Comtois, J. Kneller, and S. Nattel Of circles and spirals: Bridging the gap between the leading circle and spiral wave concepts of cardiac reentry Europace, January 1, 2005; 7(s2): S10 - S20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. KLEBER and Y. RUDY Basic Mechanisms of Cardiac Impulse Propagation and Associated Arrhythmias Physiol Rev, April 1, 2004; 84(2): 431 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Nitta, Y. Ishii, Y. Miyagi, H. Ohmori, S.-i. Sakamoto, and S. Tanaka Concurrent multiple left atrial focal activations with fibrillatory conduction and right atrial focal or reentrant activation as the mechanism in atrial fibrillation J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2004; 127(3): 770 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Iravanian, Y. Nabutovsky, C.-R. Kong, S. Saha, N. Bursac, and L. Tung Functional reentry in cultured monolayers of neonatal rat cardiac cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 5, 2003; 285(1): H449 - H456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. W. J. Ten Tusscher and A. V. Panfilov Reentry in heterogeneous cardiac tissue described by the Luo-Rudy ventricular action potential model Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2003; 284(2): H542 - H548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. N. WEISS, Z. QU, and A. GARFINKEL Understanding biological complexity: lessons from the past FASEB J, January 1, 2003; 17(1): 1 - 6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.F. Starmer, T. J. Colatsky, and A. O. Grant What happens when cardiac Na channels lose their function? 1 - Numerical studies of the vulnerable period in tissue expressing mutant channels Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2003; 57(1): 82 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Jalife, O. Berenfeld, and M. Mansour Mother rotors and fibrillatory conduction: a mechanism of atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 204 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Xie, Z. Qu, A. Garfinkel, and J. N. Weiss Effects of simulated ischemia on spiral wave stability Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): H1667 - H1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Klug, D. Lacroix, C. Marquie, G. Mairesse, D. Alix, S. Dennetiere, B. d'Hautefeuille, N. Zghal, and S. Kacet Prospective evaluation of a simplified approach for common atrial flutter radio frequency ablation with only two catheters Europace, January 1, 2001; 3(3): 208 - 215. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Weiss, P.-S. Chen, Z. Qu, H. S. Karagueuzian, and A. Garfinkel Ventricular Fibrillation : How Do We Stop the Waves From Breaking? Circ. Res., December 8, 2000; 87(12): 1103 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Shah, M. Haissaguerre, P. Jais, A. Takahashi, M. Hocini, and J. Clementy High-Density Mapping of Activation Through an Incomplete Isthmus Ablation Line Circulation, January 19, 1999; 99(2): 211 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Athill, T. Ikeda, Y.-H. Kim, T.-J. Wu, M. C. Fishbein, H. S. Karagueuzian, and P.-S. Chen Transmembrane Potential Properties at the Core of Functional Reentrant Wave Fronts in Isolated Canine Right Atria Circulation, October 13, 1998; 98(15): 1556 - 1567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ikeda, M. Yashima, T. Uchida, D. Hough, M. C. Fishbein, W. J. Mandel, P.-S. Chen, and H. S. Karagueuzian Attachment of Meandering Reentrant Wave Fronts to Anatomic Obstacles in the Atrium : Role of the Obstacle Size Circ. Res., November 19, 1997; 81(5): 753 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kamjoo, T. Uchida, T. Ikeda, M. C. Fishbein, A. Garfinkel, J. N. Weiss, H. S. Karagueuzian, and P.-S. Chen Importance of Location and Timing of Electrical Stimuli in Terminating Sustained Functional Reentry in Isolated Swine Ventricular Tissues : Evidence in Support of a Small Reentrant Circuit Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 2048 - 2060. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D Freigang, A. Bauer, R. Becker, J. C Senges, P. Kraft, J. Brachmann, W. Kubler, and W. Schoels Differential effects of d-sotalol on normal and infarcted myocardium: an experimental study using epicardial mapping Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1997; 35(1): 52 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ikeda, T. Uchida, D. Hough, J. J. Lee, M. C. Fishbein, W. J. Mandel, P.-S. Chen, and H. S. Karagueuzian Mechanism of Spontaneous Termination of Functional Reentry in Isolated Canine Right Atrium: Evidence for the Presence of an Excitable but Nonexcited Core Circulation, October 15, 1996; 94(8): 1962 - 1973. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Gray, J. Jalife, A. Panfilov, W. T. Baxter, C. Cabo, J. M. Davidenko, and A. M. Pertsov Nonstationary Vortexlike Reentrant Activity as a Mechanism of Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in the Isolated Rabbit Heart Circulation, May 1, 1995; 91(9): 2454 - 2469. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Agladze, J. P. Keener, S. C. Muller, and A. Panfilov Rotating Spiral Waves Created by Geometry Science, June 17, 1994; 264(5166): 1746 - 1748. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Camacho and J. Lechleiter Increased frequency of calcium waves in Xenopus laevis oocytes that express a calcium-ATPase Science, April 9, 1993; 260(5105): 226 - 229. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Markus, Z. Nagy-Ungvarai, and B. Hess Phototaxis of Spiral Waves Science, July 10, 1992; 257(5067): 225 - 227. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Gerhardt, H Schuster, and J. Tyson A cellular automation model of excitable media including curvature and dispersion Science, March 30, 1990; 247(4950): 1563 - 1566. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|