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(Circulation Research. 2009;104:724.)
© 2009 American Heart Association, Inc.

Review

MicroRNA Regulation of Cardiovascular Development

Kimberly R. Cordes, Deepak Srivastava

From the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco.

Correspondence to Deepak Srivastava, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158. E-mail dsrivastava{at}gladstone.ucsf.edu

This Review is part of a thematic series on MicroRNAs and Heart Disease, which includes the following articles:

Toward MicroRNA-Based Therapeutics for Heart Disease: The Sense in Antisense [2008;103:919–928]

The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure [2008;103:1072–1083]

MicroRNAs as Novel Regulators of Angiogenesis [2009;104:442–454]

MicroRNA Regulation of Cardiovascular Development
Eric Olson Guest Editor

The transcriptional regulation of cardiovascular development requires precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression, and heterozygous mutations of transcription factors have frequently been implicated in human cardiovascular malformations. A novel mechanism involving posttranscriptional regulation by small, noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) has emerged as a central regulator of many cardiogenic processes. We are beginning to understand the functions that miRNAs play during essential biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stress response, and tumorigenesis. The identification of miRNAs expressed in specific cardiac and vascular cell types has led to the discovery of important regulatory roles for these small RNAs during cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycle, conduction, vessel formation, and during stages of cardiac hypertrophy in the adult. Here, we overview the recent findings on miRNA regulation in cardiovascular development and report the latest advances in understanding their function by unveiling their mRNA targets. Further analysis of miRNA function during cardiovascular development will allow us to determine the potential for novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.

Key Words: microRNA • cardiogenesis • angiogenesis • fetal cardiac gene reactivation • cardiac patterning

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