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(Circulation Research. 2008;103:662.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

Integrative Physiology

Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors 1 and 2 Play Roles in Regulation of Vascular Injury Responses but Not Blood Pressure

Manikandan Panchatcharam, Sumitra Miriyala, Fanmuyi Yang, Mauricio Rojas, Christopher End, Christopher Vallant, Anping Dong, Kevin Lynch, Jerold Chun, Andrew J. Morris, Susan S. Smyth

From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.P., S.M., F.Y., A.D., A.J.M., S.S.S.), The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington; Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center (M.R., C.E., C.V., S.S.S.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Pharmacology (K.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Molecular Biology (J.C.), The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, Calif; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.S.S.), Lexington, Ky.

Correspondence to Susan S. Smyth, MD, PhD, The Gill Heart Institute, 326 Charles T. Wethington Building, 900 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536. E-mail susansmyth{at}uky.edu

Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is essential for the development of intimal hyperplasia. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a serum component that can promote phenotypic modulation of cultured SMCs, but an endogenous role for this bioactive lipid as a regulator of SMC function in vivo has not been established. Ligation injury of the carotid artery in mice increased levels in the vessel of both autotaxin, the lysophospholipase D enzyme responsible for generation of extracellular LPA, and 2 LPA responsive G protein–coupled receptors 1 (LPA1) and 2 (LPA2). LPA1^–/–2^–/– mice were partially protected from the development of injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia, whereas LPA1^–/– mice developed larger neointimal lesions after injury. Growth in serum, LPA-induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activation, and migration to LPA and serum were all attenuated in SMCs isolated from LPA1^–/–2^–/– mice. In contrast, LPA1^–/– SMCs exhibited enhanced migration resulting from an upregulation of LPA3. However, despite their involvement in intimal hyperplasia, neither LPA1 nor LPA2 was required for dedifferentiation of SMCs following vascular injury or dedifferentiation of isolated SMCs in response to LPA or serum in vitro. Similarly, neither LPA1 nor LPA2 was required for LPA to elicit a transient increase in blood pressure following intravenous administration of LPA to mice. These results identify a role for LPA1 and LPA2 in regulating SMC migratory responses in the context of vascular injury but suggest that additional LPA receptor subtypes are required for other LPA-mediated effects in the vasculature.

Key Words: arterial injury • lipids • lysophosphatidic acid • vascular remodeling • vascular smooth muscle cells

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